Data, software & services revenue in the quarter was €130 million, flat compared with the same quarter prior year. As a percentage of total revenue, data, software & services increased to 68% in Q1 '18 from 61% in Q1 '17. Hardware revenue for the quarter was €61 million, 26% lower compared with €83 million in Q1 '17.

Gross margin

The gross margin for the quarter was 70%, seven percentage points higher compared with 63% in Q1 '17, reflecting the shift of revenue mix towards higher margin data, software & services revenue.

At constant currency rates for the US dollar and GB pound, Q1 '18 gross margin would have been 67% and the operating result would have been €3.7 million lower.

Operating expenses

Total operating expenses for the quarter were €127 million, which is €8 million lower compared with the same quarter last year (Q1 '17: €135 million). The decrease in R&D, SG&A and marketing expenses is driven by our decreasing Consumer segment. The decrease is partly offset by increased investments in research and development in our navigation technology.

Depreciation and amortisation

(€ in millions)		Q1 '18		Q1 '17		y.o.y. change
Cost of sales		1.4		2.6		-46%
Research and development		2.0		3.0		-33%
Amortisation of technology & databases		24.1		22.4		7%
Marketing		0.1		0.1		0%
Selling, general and administrative		9.8		7.4		32%
Total		37.4		35.5		5%
Of which acquisition-related amortisation		13.1		13.9		-6%
Change percentages and totals calculated before rounding.

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