Last twelve-month recurring revenues are calculated as recurring revenues recognized over the preceding twelve-month period. We define recurring revenues as subscription revenues that recur monthly, quarterly, or annually with specific or automatic renewal clauses and professional services revenues in which the underlying contract is based on a fixed fee and contains automatic annual renewal provisions.

Constant Currency Metrics

In reporting period-over-period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates. Our definition of constant currency may differ from other companies reporting similarly named measures, and these constant currency performance measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, our operating performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

• Our last twelve-month recurring revenues dollar-based net retention rate is calculated, using the average exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the recurring revenues for the current period, including any growth or reductions from accounts with recurring revenues in the prior period (“existing accounts”), but excluding recurring revenues from any new accounts added during the current period, divided by the total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. A period is defined as any trailing twelve months. Prior to the year ended December 31, 2020, the recurring revenues dollar-based net retention rate was calculated using revenues recognized pursuant to Topic 605 for all periods in order to enhance comparability during our transition to Topic 606 as we did not have all information that was necessary to calculate account retention rate pursuant to Topic 606 for earlier periods.
• Our last twelve-month account retention rate for any given twelve-month period is calculated using the average currency exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the prior period recurring revenues from all accounts with recurring revenues in the current and prior period, divided by total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. Prior to the year ended December 31, 2020, the account retention rate was calculated using revenues recognized pursuant to Topic 605 for all periods in order to enhance comparability during our transition to Topic 606 as we did not have all information that was necessary to calculate account retention rate pursuant to Topic 606 for earlier periods.
• Our constant currency ARR growth rate is the growth rate of our ARR, measured on a constant currency basis. Our ARR is defined as the sum of the annualized value of our portfolio of contracts that produce recurring revenue as of the last day of the reporting period, and the annualized value of the last three months of recognized revenues for our contractually recurring consumption-based software subscriptions with consumption measurement durations of less than one year.

Use and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we have calculated adjusted cost of subscriptions and licenses, adjusted cost of services, adjusted research and development, adjusted selling and marketing, adjusted general and administrative, adjusted income from operations, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income per diluted share, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin, each of which are non‑GAAP financial measures. We have provided tabular reconciliations of each of these non‑GAAP financial measures to such measure’s most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Management uses these non‑GAAP financial measures to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes, and to evaluate financial performance and liquidity. Our non‑GAAP financial measures are presented as supplemental disclosure as we believe they provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results, prospects, and liquidity period-over-period without the impact of certain items that do not directly correlate to our operating performance and that may vary significantly from period to period for reasons unrelated to our operating performance, as well as to compare our financial results to those of other companies. Our definitions of these non‑GAAP financial measures may differ from similarly titled measures presented by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. In addition, other companies may not publish these or similar metrics. Thus, our non‑GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or in isolation from, the financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

We calculate these non‑GAAP financial measures as follows:

• Adjusted cost of subscriptions and licenses is determined by adding back to GAAP cost of subscriptions and licenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies, stock-based compensation, and realignment expenses, for the respective periods;
• Adjusted cost of services is determined by adding back to GAAP cost of services, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses, for the respective periods;
• Adjusted research and development is determined by adding back to GAAP research and development, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses, for the respective periods;
• Adjusted selling and marketing is determined by adding back to GAAP selling and marketing, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses, for the respective periods;
• Adjusted general and administrative is determined by adding back to GAAP general and administrative, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses, for the respective periods;
• Adjusted income from operations is determined by adding back to GAAP operating income, amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies, stock-based compensation, acquisition expenses, and realignment expenses for the respective periods;
• Adjusted Net Income is defined as net income adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses, other non-operating income and expense (primarily foreign exchange gain (loss)), net, the tax effect of the above adjustments to net income, and loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax. The tax effect of adjustments to net income is based on the estimated marginal effective tax rates in the jurisdictions impacted by such adjustments;
• Adjusted Net Income per diluted share is determined by dividing Adjusted Net Income by the weighted average diluted shares;
• Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income adjusted for interest expense, net, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock‑based compensation, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses, other non-operating income and expense (primarily foreign exchange gain (loss)), net, and loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax;
• Adjusted EBITDA margin is determined by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total revenues.

We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure, and to view these non‑GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the related GAAP financial measures.

Forward-Looking Statements

The forward-looking statements contained in this earnings release reflect Bentley Systems’ expectations as of today’s date. Given the number of risk factors, uncertainties, and assumptions discussed below, actual results may differ materially.

Any statements made in this earnings release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our 2021 financial outlook and our beliefs and expectations, the planned acquisition of Seequent and the timing thereof, the impact of the acquisition on Bentley’s financial condition and results of operations and the products, services, and business relationships of each of Bentley and Seequent, are forward-looking statements and should be evaluated as such. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, business plans, pending acquisitions and/or the integration of completed acquisitions, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements are based on Bentley Systems management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, them. Because such statements are based on expectations as to future financial and operating results and are not statements of fact, actual results may differ materially from those projected. Factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited, to macroeconomic conditions, pandemic consequences, Bentley’s ability to successfully integrate or operate Seequent’s business, any costs or delays attributable to obtaining required regulatory approvals for the acquisition, costs related to the acquisition, adverse changes in the capital markets environment and Bentley’s ability to access additional financing on terms acceptable to it or at all, changes in Seequent’s customer base or geographic footprint, failure to retain personnel necessary for the operation or integration of Seequent’s business, changes in the industries in which Seequent’s customers operate, the competitive environment in which both Bentley and Seequent operate and competitive responses to the acquisition, Bentley and Seequent’s ability to innovate, develop new products or modify existing products, general economic, market, and business conditions, unanticipated impact of accounting for acquisitions, and the ability to satisfy the conditions to the completion of the acquisition on the anticipated schedule, or at all.