ZigBee 68
WiMAX 68
Licensed Spectrum 68
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT 69
PROVIDERS 70
TABLE 9 COMPANIES THAT MARKET OR ARE DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID NANS 70
MARKET 70
TABLE 10 MARKET FOR SMART GRID NAN COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2018 (MILLION CONNECTIONS/$ MILLIONS) 71
BACKBONE COMMUNICATIONS 71
TECHNOLOGIES 71
MARKETS 72
TABLE 11 MARKET FOR SMART GRID BACKBONE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 72
CHAPTER 6 SENSING AND MEASUREMENT FOR SMART GRIDS: TECHNOLOGIES AND
MARKETS 74
SUMMARY 74
TABLE 12 U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID SENSING AND MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 74
FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN THE U.S. MARKET FOR SMART GRID SENSING AND
MEASUREMENT, 2012–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 74
SMART METERING 75
TECHNOLOGIES 76
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND BARRIERS TO DEPLOYMENT 77
PRODUCERS 78
TABLE 13 SMART METER PRODUCERS 79
MARKET 79
TABLE 14 MARKET FOR SMART METERS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 79
WIDE-AREA MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 80
TECHNOLOGY 80
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND BARRIERS TO DEPLOYMENT 80
PROVIDERS 80
TABLE 15 PROVIDERS OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID WAMS 81
MARKETS 81
TABLE 16 MARKET FOR PMUS AND RELATED WAMS TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 81
DYNAMIC LINE-RATING SENSORS 82
TECHNOLOGY 83
Online Methods 83
Offline Methods 83
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND BARRIERS TO DEPLOYMENT 83
PROVIDERS 83
TABLE 17 PROVIDERS OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID WAMS 84
MARKET 84
TABLE 18 MARKET FOR DYNAMIC LINE-RATING SENSORS AND RELATED
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 84
INSULATOR LEAKAGE SENSORS 84
TECHNOLOGIES 85
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND BARRIERS TO DEPLOYMENT 85
PROVIDERS 85
MARKET 85
TABLE 19 U.S. MARKET FOR REMOTE INSULATOR LEAKAGE CURRENT SENSORS
FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 86
OTHER MONITORING SYSTEMS 86
TECHNOLOGIES 86
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT 87
PROVIDERS 87
TABLE 20 PROVIDERS OF OTHER TYPES OF SMART GRID SENSING AND
MEASURING TECHNOLOGIES 87
MARKETS 87
TABLE 21 U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER MONITORING AND SENSING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 88
CHAPTER 7 ADVANCED COMPONENTS FOR SMART GRIDS: TECHNOLOGIES AND
MARKETS 90
SUMMARY 90
TABLE 22 U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED SMART GRID COMPONENTS, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 90
FIGURE 10 TRENDS IN U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED SMART GRID COMPONENTS,
2012–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 91
POWER ELECTRONICS 91
TECHNOLOGIES 91
TABLE 23 TYPES OF POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES 92
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT 93
PROVIDERS 93
TABLE 24 PROVIDERS OF POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES FOR SMART GRID
APPLICATIONS 93
MARKETS 94
TABLE 25 U.S. POWER ELECTRONICS MARKET FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 94
FAULT CURRENT LIMITERS 94
TECHNOLOGY 95
Resistive FCLs 95
Inductive FCLs 96
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT 96
PROVIDERS 96
TABLE 26 SUPPLIERS OF FAULT CURRENT LIMITERS 96
MARKET 97
TABLE 27 U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITY MARKET FOR FAULT CURRENT LIMITERS,
THROUGH 2018 97
HIGH-CAPACITY TRANSMISSION CABLE 97
TECHNOLOGIES 98
Superconducting Cable 98
High-Capacity Overhead Conductor Cable 99
Aluminum-Conductor Composite Core Cable 99
Aluminum-Conductor Composite Reinforced Cable 99
Annealed Aluminum, Steel-Supported Trapezoidal Cross-Section
Conductor Wire 100
COMMERCIAL STATUS AND BARRIERS TO DEPLOYMENT 100
PROVIDERS 101
TABLE 28 PROVIDERS OF HIGH-CAPACITY TRANSMISSION CABLE FOR THE SMART
GRID 101
MARKET 101
TABLE 29 MARKET FOR ADVANCED ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION CABLE, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 102
Superconducting Cable 102
TABLE 30 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION CABLE,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 102
High-Capacity Overhead Conductor Cable 103
TABLE 31 MARKET FOR HIGH-CAPACITY OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR CABLE,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 103
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES 104
TABLE 32 MARKET FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND POWER STORAGE
SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 104
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION DEVICES 104
Technologies 104
Photovoltaics 105
TABLE 33 MAJOR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES 105
Wind Turbine 105
Microturbines 106
Fuel Cells 107
TABLE 34 MAJOR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES 107
Providers 107
TABLE 35 PROVIDERS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION EQUIPMENT 107
Markets 108
TABLE 36 MARKET FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 109
Photovoltaics 109
TABLE 37 PROJECTED U.S. CONSUMPTION OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, THROUGH 2018
(MW/$ MILLION) 109
TABLE 38 PROJECTED U.S. MARKET FOR GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAICS,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 110
Wind Turbines 110
TABLE 39 PROJECTED U.S. MARKET FOR WIND TURBINES, THROUGH 2018 (GW/$
MILLIONS) 110
Fuel Cells 111
TABLE 40 U.S. FUEL CELL MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 111
Microturbines 111
TABLE 41 PROJECTED U.S. MARKET FOR GRID-CONNECTED MICROTURBINES,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 112
DISTRIBUTED STORAGE SYSTEMS 112
Technologies 112
Sodium Batteries 113
Vanadium Redox Batteries 114
Supercapacitors 115
Superconducting Power Storage 115
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage 116
Superconducting Flywheel Energy Storage 116
Compressed-Air Energy Storage 117
Plug-In Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicles 117
Providers 119
TABLE 42 PROVIDERS OF DISTRIBUTED STORAGE EQUIPMENT 119
Markets 120
TABLE 43 MARKET FOR DISTRIBUTED STORAGE SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2018 ($
MILLIONS) 120
Sodium Batteries 120
TABLE 44 U.S. MARKET FOR NAS AND OTHER SODIUM BATTERY POWER STORAGE
SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 121
Vanadium Redox Batteries 121
TABLE 45 U.S. MARKET FOR VANADIUM REDOX BATTERY DISTRIBUTED POWER
STORAGE SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 121
Superconducting Magnetic and Flywheel Storage 121
TABLE 46 U.S. MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING POWER STORAGE SYSTEMS,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 122
Supercapacitors 122
TABLE 47 U.S. MARKET FOR SUPERCAPACITOR STORAGE SYSTEMS, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 123
Compressed-Air Storage 123
TABLE 48 U.S. MARKET FOR COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE SYSTEMS, THROUGH
2018 ($ MILLIONS) 123
Plug-In Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicle Storage 123
TABLE 49 U.S. MARKET FOR GRID-CONNECTED PHEVS, THROUGH 2018 (NUMBER
OF VEHICLES/$ MILLIONS) 124
CHAPTER 8 ADVANCED CONTROLS FOR SMART GRIDS: TECHNOLOGIES AND
MARKETS 126
SUMMARY 126
TABLE 50 U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED SMART GRID CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) 126
FIGURE 11 TRENDS IN THE U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED SMART GRID CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES, 2012–2018 ($ MILLIONS) 127
DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT AGENTS 127
TECHNOLOGIES 127
